Smarter Cities need Smarter Social Enterprises

December 14, 2011 16 Comments

The SES “Container City” incubation facility for social enterprise in Sunderland

I’ve just been at a great workshop with a variety of social enterprises in Sunderland, hosted by Sustainable Enterprise Strategies (SES). The objective of the workshop was to identify ways in which social enterprises might harness new technologies to help them respond to – and exploit – the dramatic changes coming to social care and health in coming years – such as personal care budgets, Big Society, Open Public Services and GP commissioning of health services.

Mark Heskett Saddington, Director of SES, started off the day with some striking statistics about Social Enterprises – which include co-operatives, employee-owned companies, mutuals, charities and other such organisations. Mark’s team alone support 100s of traditional and social businesses in Sunderland, employing 1000s of staff, mostly from deprived, high-unemployment areas. Their combined annual turnover is in the tens of millions of pounds sterling.

Across the world, the figures are even more striking. 4 in 10 residents of the USA– the world’s flagship private enterprise economy – are members of a co-operative, including 87 million people who belong to a credit union. 13% of Sweden’s GDP and 21% of Finland’s GDP are created by social enterprises. Worldwide, social enterprises employ over 100 million people with a turnover of £1.1 trillion. That’s big business.

People in the social enterprise community are – not surprisingly – passionate in focussing on the needs of their customers, or “service users”, to whom they are often providing some form of care or support. But they’re also passionate about their business model (though not all of them would call it that).

For example, Margaret Elliot told us how she first started a co-operative in Sunderland in the 1970s, a home care provider called “Little Women”. At the time, it was born of necessity: her and some friends, all mothers, needed to work; but needed to look after pre-school children too. So they started a co-operative and ran a nursery in their office premises. More than 30 years later – and now leading an organisation that is franchising itself across the UK and that employs many hundreds of people – she described social enterprise as “a bug” that people catch. She spoke of the power of giving people ownership of the organisation that they work for; and described how it focuses organisational decision making on delivering value to the end users of services.

The changes coming to local public services, social care and health are going to create a new, transactional market in which social enterprises will need to participate, and in which they’ll need to behave in some ways more like private enterprises do today. For instance, many organisations, such as social landlords, that are currently funded by regular grants, will in future have to compete for individual service delivery transactions paid for by individual end users. That’s a dramatic change; and one that will require new processes and new infrastructures that those organisations don’t have access to today.

In a world that is “digital by default”, it’s tempting to think that existing marketplaces – such as Amazon and e-Bay – provide a model that can be emulated. But the language and models of those marketplaces tend to emphasise products and cost, not what social enterprises value – the quality of outcome for the end user of a service.

For example, if you search for branded batteries in the Amazon Marketplace, you’ll find some very, very cheap batteries which have what appear to be high review ratings. If you look a bit closer, though, there are a lot of 5 star reviews that simply state “the batteries were really cheap and arrived quickly”. There are a smaller number of 1 star reviews that warn “I only used them for a week, and then they ran out. They’re obviously fakes!”.

In social care, that sort of information simply can’t be hidden at the end of such a long trail. For all its merits and success, Amazon is clearly not a market that balances economic and social outcomes in the way that Social Enterprises will need. Of course, it was never designed to be, so that shouldn’t come as a surprise. Whilst existing online marketplaces provide rich experience we can learn from, they don’t yet provide the answer.

What I’m sure will happen is that social enterprises will co-create their own markets that strike a better balance. Early examples such as “Shop 4 Support” already exist, though the social enterprises I spoke to yesterday told me that the transaction prices in that market are currently often too high for small social enterprise service providers to bear. There will be considerable challenges along the way – dealing, for instance, with managing online identities and personal data in a way that’s appropriate for sensitive services, perhaps exploiting the initiatives announced recently by the Cabinet Office and Technology Strategy Board on personal data stores and identity.

It’s going to be a period of great change; and of great innovation in the use of technology. And, I hope, of exciting new opportunities to deliver improved outcomes for Social Enterprise.

For me, this is very much part of Smarter Cities. It may not involve instrumenting physical systems such as transportation and water; and it may not in the first place require the application of big data technologies (though I think the need for them will come); but it does represent a striking change in the way city systems will work. In particular, it’s about dramatic changes in the interactions that involve some of the people who need the most help.

But if cities can repeat Mark’s success with SES in incubating successful social enterprises creating new jobs in areas of high unemployment, it’s also an opportunity for economic growth. And whilst the focus of most of this post has been on social care, that’s far from the only sector in which social enterprises are active. Lydia’s House, for example, are a co-operative in Sunderlandwho train local employees from vulnerable backgrounds to produce artistic home furnishings with potential for export from the local economy.

In a previous post, I blogged that growing city economies whilst consuming less resources was the number one concern of city leaders today. If helping people to help themselves in local communities isn’t a resource-efficient way to create value, I don’t know what is. That sounds like the sort of Smarter City we’re looking for.

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Smarter Cities: Doing More for Much Less

December 2, 2011 Leave a comment

(Photo by woodleywonderworks)

Most of my time this week was spent in two very interesting meetings. The first, on Monday, was with a team from the UK Technology Strategy Board shaping a proposal for a Technology Innovation Centre (TIC) focussing on “Future Cities” (the transcript of David Cameron’s announcement of the £200m TIC investment programme is here). The second, on Wednesday and Thursday, was the annual general meeting of SOCITM – the society of IT Managers in local government. I’ll come to the themes that meeting addressed shortly.

Before I do that: just over 2 years ago, I wrote a blog post inspired by the October 2008 issue of New Scientist magazine titled “The Folly of Growth”. That magazine – written in response to the 2008 financial crisis – challenged the assumption that the world’s economy could continue to grow at the rates it has historically. It’s basic point was that such growth simply could not continue based on the current level of environmental resource usage per dollar of GDP created, because there simply aren’t enough resources on the planet.

In Monday’s TSB meeting, representatives from Academia, City authorities, construction companies and technology companies all agreed that City leaders – both Council CEOs and elected Council leaders – had a single overriding priority: maintaining and growing their Cities’ economies, whilst using less resources to do so. Three years down the line from the New Scientist’s seminal magazine, that’s a real vindication of their thesis.

At the SOCITM AGM on Wednesday, Martin Reeves, CEO of Coventry City Council and the incoming president of SOLACE, the society of local government CEOs, gave a visionary plenary speech echoing similar themes.

Martin referred to the very, very challenging financial pressures facing local government (and all of public sector) that were magnified by George Osbourne’s Autumn Statement this week which predicted 100,000s more job losses in public sector.

But Martin said that the real priority was not dealing with cost pressure. He said that the real priority is to carry out a radical transformation of local public service delivery in support of the most challenging policy agenda we have ever seen.

I couldn’t have agreed more.

As well as the unprecedented financial pressures created by the realisation that we have long been underestimating and mis-managing risk on an international scale, we also face global competition between city economies to a previously unforeseen degree. More locally to the UK, GP commissioning, personal care budgets, open public services, “Big Society” and several other central government policy initiatives are forcing enormous changes into local public sector organisations.

The changing role of local government of Cities and Regions is, in my view, the most critical challenge we face today. City and Regional councils are not only the organisations concerned most urgently with the local business development and economic growth strategies that create employment; they are also challenged to deliver increasingly complex services to vulnerable, hard to reach communities at lower and lower cost, whilst working with an increasingly diverse base of suppliers and service providers to do so.

I personally believe that – properly and sensitively applied – technology can be a tremendous enabler of successful change in this context. But we are still in the very, very early days of understanding how to make that work, from the technology challenges of assuring identity in a world of open digital services to the financial and governance challenges associated with defining successful models for shared service delivery.

Trial and error is the only model for moving forwards with this agenda. Doing nothing is not an option – it will result in dying cities, following the unfortunate path taken byDetroit.

And no amount of analysis will reveal the “ideal” or “right” approach. We have never faced these challenges before, so there is no proven “blueprint” for success. We will only learn how to face them successfully by trying the best solutions that we can imagine; and constantly changing and adapting them according to the results that they deliver.

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Smarter Regional Priorities in Mature European Economies

November 25, 2011 2 Comments

(Photo of Sunderland Civic Centre at night by Paul Boxley)

I’ve spent a lot of time in recent weeks thinking about “Smarter Regions”. Smarter Regions are similar to the “Smarter Cities” concept shared by IBM and many other organisations; but they’re different in one obvious way and one not-so-obvious way – particularly in mature economies such as those of Western Europe.

A lot of the focus in Smarter Cities is concerned with instrumenting and interconnecting physical systems – such as utilities, transport and buildings – with the intelligence represented by IT systems, especially operational control and decision support tools. Solutions based on those ideas can deliver tremendous benefits, such as the congestion charging system that IBM and our partners have implemented for Stockholm.

However, in European cities, the business cases for investing in such systems are complicated, to put it mildly. Transportation, utilities and buildings are often operated by private sector organisations subject to a plethora of contractual and franchise obligations and oversight regimes; whereas the benefits of such systems – for example, reduced environental impact of city systems, and reducing the barriers to economic and productivity growth – often relate to medium to long term goals of local government organisations. Those cities – such as Stockholm and London – that have made such investments tend to be driven by what could be called “survival” concerns. They have identified a clear and pressing threat to their city systems and economies – in these cases, severe traffic congestion limiting economic growth – that must be addressed.

Smarter Regions are similar to Smarter Cities in that they seek to exploit advances in our ability to integrate and analyse information from a rich variety of systems and sources. But they are different in two ways:

  • Firstly, and obviously, whilst all cities are regions, not all regions are cities. Regions are broader, more diverse economic, geographical, political and social systems.
  • Secondly, in mature economies at least, regional priorities are concerned with a different set of systems. Their priorities are often economic growth; supporting ageing populations; and reducing the cost of their administrative, financial and public service operations whilst improving the outcomes that they deliver

Examples of initiatives addressing these priorities include IBM’s work in Bolzano, Italy, providing remote home monitoring and healthcare services in sheltered accommodation; our work with Medway Youth Trust in the UK, helping them to transform youth services to a predictive, preventative model; our “Smarter Cities Challenge” project in the city of Glasgow investigating fuel poverty; the Municipal Services Cloud that IBM Research developed for the State of New York to help small councils across the State reduce costs and implement “joined-up working”; and, of course, the Cloud Computing platform that IBM and Sunderland City Council announced last week, that will be used to deliver services and capabilities to stimulate growth and innovation in the City’s economy and public services, and that I blogged about recently.

In recent years, we’ve seen terrific pressure on regional administrations in the UK driven by the overall cuts in public sector budgets. Financial pressures in the Eurozone  area create similar drivers on the continent; and in the US the rising costs to public organisations of healthcare and pension liabilities to past and current employees created by ageing populations cause huge cost pressure too.

Despite all this, global competition for private sector investment and job creation are causing regions to seek ways to invest in addressing these challenges. Slowly but surely we are learning how to build business cases to justify those investments – often based on technologies that can both reduce internal operational costs and enable improved external outcomes (see this set of examples from IBM’s customers, for example).

There’s no panacea or silver bullet here; every region is different in its economic, social, political, financial, geographic and environmental characteristics (not to mention others that I’ve forgotten). All of those have to be taken into account when constructing business cases for Smarter Regional solutions.

But I have a sense that we’ve passed a tipping point in the build-up of momentum in this area; and I think we’re going to see a lot more exciting projects and initiatives announced by Cities and Regions in Europe over the next year.

It’s a great time to be a technologist working in local government.

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Building a Smarter City on the Cloud in Sunderland

November 18, 2011 11 Comments

(Photo by Mrs Logic)

It’s been a great week. IBM and Sunderland City Council jointly announced a deal we agreed recently to build a Cloud Computing platform for the City (here’s IBM’s press release, and here’s the Council’s). I was part of the team that wrote IBM’s proposal, and am now excited to be working closely with the Council to help them deliver the benefits we both envisage coming from their investment.

The press release describes several ways in which Sunderland intend to exploit the Cloud to stimulate innovation and growth in business and public services in the city. How I hope to help them do that on IBM’s part is by exploiting our experiences working with clients around the world on “Smarter City” engagements.

For example, I was lucky enough earlier this year to meet the New York Conference of Mayors and the team in IBM Research led by David Cohn and Juhnyoung Lee that delivered the “Municipal Shared Services Cloud” for City and Town Councils in the State. In that project IBM helped some very small local authorities (looking after towns with just 20,000 inhabitants, for example) to integrate data between different business systems in a very cost effective way, achieving “joined up working” cost and outcome benefits that had previously been beyond their reach. It’s that sort of experience and expertise that we hope to apply in Sunderland to help the City meet its goals as laid out in their Economic Masterplan.

I’ve already met with some of the other stakeholders in the city, such as Sustainable Enterprise Strategies, who support local social enterprises, and are building a fantastic new “container city” incubation facility from re-purposed shipping containers. We’re hoping to hold a workshop with the organisations they support very shortly.

It’s probably the most enjoyable and rewarding project I’ve worked on in many years for IBM; and Sunderland is a city with a lot of exciting plans. As The Register noted, for example, the Cloud builds on Sunderland’s recent announcement that they’ll soon be the first city in the country with complete superfast Broadband coverage.

Everyone I’ve told about the project has immediately caught the enthusiasm we have about working with Sunderland; and a quick search of “Sunderland Cloud” on Google or Twitter shows that the story is spreading like wildfire in the twittersphere too.

I’m looking forward to spending as much time as possible in the North East for the foreseeable future!

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The need for technology and mathematical skills in a Smarter Planet with Open Data

October 27, 2011 2 Comments

(Photo by Pink Sherbert Photography)

In amongst all the great discussions of Smarter Water, Smarter Transportation, Open Data and other themes at this week’s Science of Smarter Cities Colloquium in IBM’s new Research Lab in Dublin, an interesting theme has emerged that’s been on my mind for some time.

Many discussions have focussed on the huge importance of processing, analysis and acting on data and information in the Smarter Planet that’s gradually emerging around us as more and more of the physical world is instrumented, interconnected and automated. Imperial College’s work on disruptive business platforms includes the new commercial opportunities – some of them highly disruptive – that this information is making possible. And McKinsey recently wrote a fascinating paper on a similar subject – the emerging “Information Economy”.

A vital consequence of this is renewed – or even wholly new – demand for the skills required to manipulate and understand information. I’m talking about mathematics, statistics and computer programming here, amongst others. Unless it’s prepared by a numerate communication expert, data is often very difficult to understand and interpret. And communication experts may also have their own agenda in determining how they prepare data. And quite simply, we need more people able to undertake that sort of work – people with mathematical and technical skills. Some of the speakers from transport organisations at the colloquium this week have spoken directly of needing more of those skills.

The problem is that in the UK, we’re not producing enough of them. Google’s Chairman Eric Schmidt recently lambasted the British Education system for not producing enough computer programmers to feed demand in the creative industries vital for economic growth; and the recent Nesta report on the UK’s computer gaming industry cited the same issue as a reason for that industry’s recent decline in the global market.

City leaders understand this; Hanna Zdanowska, the Mayor of Lodz in Poland, spoke this morning of the importance of young skilled people to city economies, particularly as european populations age. (Lodz have amazing plans for regenerating their physical infrastructure and optimising their city systems, by the way, it was a great talk).

So what can we do about this? In yesterday’s Open Data discussion, Christopher Gutteridge, who’s behind Southampton University’s Open Data programme, said that we needed to encourage more “playful coding”. I think that phrase hit the nail on the head.

Our world is at the stage where technologies that can be manipulated by any human being who learns the basics of computing programming are becoming terrifically powerful. At the same time, the information that those technologies control is the lifeblood of our economy and society. For us to educate people without giving them the ability to participate in that system is surely a terrible folly for our children and our economy.

A fellow visiting academic at the University of Warwick, Jonnie Turpie who’s the Digital Media Director of Maverick TV, introduced me recently to the Birmingham Ormiston Academy. BOA is a new school that’s intended to teach creative and digital arts by exposing young people directly to small enterprises in that industry. I think it’s a great idea, and an example of the sort of way we could teach young people the skills to exploit information and technology in a way that’s exciting, challenging – and directly builds the skills we will need for the future.

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This week’s reading

April 8, 2009 Leave a comment

Some great reading this week on technology, the economy, banking and smart transport … plus a little humour …

And on a lighter note:

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For sale: one economy, slightly used

February 4, 2009 3 Comments

In a couple of previous posts (here and here), I’ve written about the effects I expect to see social media have on the financial services industry – particularly retail banking and insurance – this year. The reason I expect to see companies in the industry explore social media is the need to re-establish themselves as being trustworthy by interacting with their customers in an open and trustworthy way – something social media can be perfect for (See Christophe Langlois’ discussion of VanCity’s “Change Everything”, for example).

However, there is a deeper question to ask concerning not just how financial organisations regain trust, or even how to regulate their behaviour to avoid a similar crisis in future:  the question is whether our current economic system is set up to achieve the right objectives at all. My previous posts contained links to some articles exploring this theme, but Umair Haque at the Harvard Business School has just posted a much more direct call for a “Smart Growth Manifesto” on his blog.

Umair’s post echoes a special issue New Scientist magazine ran back in October on the theme “the Folly of Growth”. Articles in the magazine argued that current expectations of continuous economic growth (a trend that, until now, has withstood periodic recessions) cannot reasonably continue, on the following basis:

  • Each dollar of GDP value can be associated with an estimate of the resource consumed in its creation.
  • Even assuming a relatively modest rate of future growth, at the current level of resource usage / $ of GDP, and at the current level of reduction in that figure, we will rapidly run out of resources.
  • If the expected rate of growth is increased to reflect one of the benefits of growth often cited by free-market economists – i.e. an improvement in living standards in emerging and developing economies driven eventually by growth in developed economies), then we run of resources incredibly fast.

One of the New Scientist articles went on to calculate an answer to the following question: if we want to drive economic growth at that level, how much more efficient do we need to become at utilising natural resources to achieve it?

The answer (based on their assumptions) was frightening: 5 times better to achieve modest growth; 50-100 times better or more if our goal is to lift the entire world to an equivalent standard of living to that enjoyed in today’s United States.

There are, of course, a huge number of assumptions behind those figures, not to mention questioning the basis on which “standard of living” is measure (i.e. to what degree is the quality of life of someone in the U.S. or anywhere else determined by their consumption of economic or environmental resources?).

However, to me the message is clear, we must be driven by goals that are not entirely based on monetary growth. As individuals, of course, that’s true already (Mr. Madoff and his like excepted); what we need to see now – as Umair has pointed out – are economic systems that reflect that.

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This week’s reading: the future of banking

January 30, 2009 Leave a comment

I’ve been spending time recently speaking with clients and colleagues about the ways in which some of our banking and finance customers might seek to exploit technology this year in the wake of the credit crunch. The Finanical Services blog, FSA and others are predicting a string of measures to reduce costs and implement compliance to new regulatory requirements – all of which will involve expenditure on technology. Some of the same sources are also predicting a simultaneous exploration of social media or other innovations exploiting new technology aimed at re-building trust with consumers and increasing business in new channels.

I’m expecting to see both those things happen, and hope to help some of my customers along the way. Here are some of the articles I’ve found interesting in that area this week:

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